# The Lives of the Twelve Caesars

By Suetonius

- Written in Latin; this edition is an English translation
- About 232,596 words

## Chapters

1. [Front Matter](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/1.md)
2. [XIX.  Of the two other competitors for the consulship, Lucius Luceius and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/2.md)
3. [XXI.  About the same time he married Calpurnia, the daughter of Lucius](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/3.md)
4. [XXII.  Being, therefore, now supported by the interest of his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/4.md)
5. [XXIII.  When the term of his consulship had expired, upon a motion being](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/5.md)
6. [XXIV.  But when Lucius Domitius became a candidate for the consulship,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/6.md)
7. [XXV.  During nine years in which he held the government of the province,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/7.md)
8. [XXVII.  To maintain his alliance and good understanding with Pompey, he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/8.md)
9. [XXVIII.  He endeavoured with equal assiduity to engage in his interest](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/9.md)
10. [XXX.  But as the senate declined to interpose in the business, and his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/10.md)
11. [XXXI.  When intelligence, therefore, was received, that the interposition](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/11.md)
12. [XXXII.  While he was thus hesitating, the following incident occurred.  A](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/12.md)
13. [XXXIII.  Accordingly, having marched his army over the river, he shewed](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/13.md)
14. [XXXIV.  Of his subsequent proceedings I shall give a cursory detail, in](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/14.md)
15. [XXXV.  Thence he returned to Rome, and crossing the sea to Macedonia,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/15.md)
16. [XXXVI.  During the whole course of the civil war, he never once suffered](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/16.md)
17. [XXXVII.  For the victories obtained in the several wars, he triumphed](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/17.md)
18. [XXXVIII.  To every foot-soldier in his veteran legions, besides the two](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/18.md)
19. [XXXIX.  The spectacles he exhibited to the people were of various kinds;](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/19.md)
20. [XL.  Turning afterwards his attention to the regulation of the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/20.md)
21. [XLI.  He filled up the vacancies in the senate, by advancing several](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/21.md)
22. [XLIII.  He was extremely assiduous and strict in the administration of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/22.md)
23. [XLIV.  His thoughts were now fully employed from day to day on a variety](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/23.md)
24. [XLV.  It is said that he was tall, of a fair complexion, round limbed,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/24.md)
25. [XLVII.  They likewise report that he invaded Britain in hopes of finding](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/25.md)
26. [XLVIII.  We are also told, that in the provinces he constantly maintained](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/26.md)
27. [XLIX.  The only stain upon his chastity was his having cohabited with](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/27.md)
28. [L.  It is admitted by all that he was much addicted to women, as well as](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/28.md)
29. [LII.  In the number of his mistresses were also some queens; such as](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/29.md)
30. [LIII.  It is acknowledged even by his enemies, that in regard to wine, he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/30.md)
31. [LIV.  But his abstinence did not extend to pecuniary advantages, either](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/31.md)
32. [LV.  In eloquence and warlike achievements, he equalled at least, if he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/32.md)
33. [LVI.  He has likewise left Commentaries of his own actions both in the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/33.md)
34. [LVIII.  In his expeditions, it is difficult to say whether his caution or](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/34.md)
35. [LX.  He not only fought pitched battles, but made sudden attacks when an](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/35.md)
36. [LXI.  He rode a very remarkable horse, with feet almost like those of a](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/36.md)
37. [LXII.  He often rallied his troops, when they were giving way, by his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/37.md)
38. [LXIII.  The following instances of his resolution are equally, and even](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/38.md)
39. [LXIV.  At Alexandria, in the attack of a bridge, being forced by a sudden](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/39.md)
40. [LXV.  He never valued a soldier for his moral conduct or his means, but](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/40.md)
41. [LXVI.  When at any time his troops were dispirited by reports of the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/41.md)
42. [LXVII.  He neither noticed all their transgressions, nor punished them](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/42.md)
43. [LXVIII.  Upon his entering on the civil war, the centurions of every](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/43.md)
44. [LXIX.  They never once mutinied during all the ten years of the Gallic](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/44.md)
45. [LXX.  When the soldiers of the tenth legion at Rome demanded their](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/45.md)
46. [LXXI.  In the service of his clients, while yet a young man, he evinced](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/46.md)
47. [LXXII.  He always treated his friends with such kindness and good-nature,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/47.md)
48. [LXXIV.  His temper was also naturally averse to severity in retaliation.](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/48.md)
49. [LXXV.  Both in his administration and his conduct towards the vanquished](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/49.md)
50. [LXXVII.  He was guilty of the same extravagance in the language he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/50.md)
51. [LXXVIII.  But what brought upon him the greatest odium, and was thought](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/51.md)
52. [LXXIX.  To this extraordinary mark of contempt for the senate, he added](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/52.md)
53. [LXXX.  For this reason the conspirators precipitated the execution of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/53.md)
54. [LXXXII.  When he had taken his seat, the conspirators stood round him,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/54.md)
55. [LXXXIII.  At the instance of Lucius Piso, his father-in-law, his will was](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/55.md)
56. [LXXXIV.  Notice of his funeral having been solemnly proclaimed, a pile](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/56.md)
57. [LXXXV.  The populace ran from the funeral, with torches in their hands,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/57.md)
58. [LXXXVI.  Some of Caesar's friends entertained a suspicion, that he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/58.md)
59. [LXXXVIII.  He died in the fifty-sixth year of his age, and was ranked](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/59.md)
60. [LXXXIX.  Scarcely any of those who were accessary to his murder, survived](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/60.md)
61. [D. OCTAVIUS CAESAR AUGUSTUS. — I.  That the family of the Octavii was of the first distinction in](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/61.md)
62. [II.  This family, as well as several in Rome, was admitted into the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/62.md)
63. [III.  His father Caius Octavius was, from his earliest years, a person](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/63.md)
64. [IV.  After quitting Macedonia, before he could declare himself a](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/64.md)
65. [V.  Augustus was born in the consulship of Marcus Tullius Cicero and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/65.md)
66. [VI.  His nursery is shewn to this day, in a villa belonging to the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/66.md)
67. [VII.  While he was yet an infant, the surname of Thurinus was given him,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/67.md)
68. [VIII.  He lost his father when he was only four years of age; and, in his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/68.md)
69. [IX.  Having thus given a very short summary of his life, I shall](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/69.md)
70. [X.  The motive which gave rise to all these wars was the opinion he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/70.md)
71. [XII.  But upon intelligence that Antony, after his defeat, had been](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/71.md)
72. [XIII.  Having entered into a confederacy with Antony and Lepidus, he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/72.md)
73. [XIV.  At this time he obliged Lucius Antony, who, presuming upon his own](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/73.md)
74. [XVI.  He soon commenced the Sicilian war, but it was protracted by](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/74.md)
75. [XVII.  The alliance between him and Antony, which had always been](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/75.md)
76. [XVIII.  At this time he had a desire to see the sarcophagus and body of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/76.md)
77. [XX.  He conducted in person only two foreign wars; the Dalmatian, whilst](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/77.md)
78. [XXI.  He conquered, however, partly in person, and partly by his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/78.md)
79. [XXII.  The temple of Janus Quirinus, which had been shut twice only, from](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/79.md)
80. [XXIII.  In all his wars, he never received any signal or ignominious](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/80.md)
81. [XXIV.  In military affairs he made many alterations, introducing some](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/81.md)
82. [XXV.  After the conclusion of the civil wars, he never, in any of his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/82.md)
83. [XXVI.  He was advanced to public offices before the age at which he was](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/83.md)
84. [XXVII.  During ten years he acted as one of the triumvirate for settling](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/84.md)
85. [XXIX.  The city, which was not built in a manner suitable to the grandeur](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/85.md)
86. [XXXII.  He corrected many ill practices, which, to the detriment of the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/86.md)
87. [XXXIII.  He was himself assiduous in his functions as a judge, and would](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/87.md)
88. [XXXIV.  Some laws he abrogated, and he made some new ones; such as the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/88.md)
89. [XXXV.  By two separate scrutinies he reduced to their former number and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/89.md)
90. [XXXVI.  He also made several other alterations in the management of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/90.md)
91. [XXXVII.  To augment the number of persons employed in the administration](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/91.md)
92. [XXXVIII.  He was unsparing in the reward of military merit, having](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/92.md)
93. [XXXIX.  With the assistance of ten senators, he obliged each of the Roman](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/93.md)
94. [XL.  In the election of tribunes of the people, if there was not a](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/94.md)
95. [XLII.  But to show that he was a prince who regarded more the good of his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/95.md)
96. [XLIII.  In the number, variety, and magnificence of his public](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/96.md)
97. [XLIV.  He corrected the confusion and disorder with which the spectators](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/97.md)
98. [XLV.  He generally viewed the Circensian games himself, from the upper](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/98.md)
99. [XLVII.  The more important provinces, which could not with ease or safety](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/99.md)
100. [XLVIII.  Kingdoms, of which he had made himself master by the right of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/100.md)
101. [XLIX.  With respect to the army, he distributed the legions and auxiliary](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/101.md)
102. [L.  In sealing letters-patent, rescripts, or epistles, he at first used](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/102.md)
103. [LI.  Of his clemency and moderation there are abundant and signal](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/103.md)
104. [LII.  Although he knew that it had been customary to decree temples in](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/104.md)
105. [LV.  Even when some infamous libels against him were dispersed in the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/105.md)
106. [LVI.  Being provoked by some petulant jests, which were designed to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/106.md)
107. [LVII.  How much he was beloved for his worthy conduct in all these](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/107.md)
108. [LVIII.  The whole body of the people, upon a sudden impulse, and with](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/108.md)
109. [LX.  The kings, his friends and allies, built cities in their respective](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/109.md)
110. [LXI.  Having thus given an account of the manner in which he filled his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/110.md)
111. [LXIII.  By Scribonia he had a daughter named Julia, but no children by](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/111.md)
112. [LXV.  But in the midst of all his joy and hopes in his numerous and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/112.md)
113. [LXVI.  He was cautious in forming friendships, but clung to them with](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/113.md)
114. [LXVII.  As a patron and master, his behaviour in general was mild and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/114.md)
115. [LXVIII.  In his early youth various aspersions of an infamous character](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/115.md)
116. [LXXI.  With respect to the charge or imputation of loathsome impurity](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/116.md)
117. [LXXII.  In other matters, it appears that he was moderate in his habits,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/117.md)
118. [LXXIII.  His frugality in the furniture of his house appears even at this](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/118.md)
119. [LXXIV.  At his table, which was always plentiful and elegant, he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/119.md)
120. [LXXV.  Festivals and holidays he usually celebrated very expensively, but](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/120.md)
121. [LXXVII.  He was by nature extremely sparing in the use of wine.](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/121.md)
122. [LXXIX.  In person he was handsome and graceful, through every period of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/122.md)
123. [LXXX.  He is said to have been born with many spots upon his breast and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/123.md)
124. [LXXXI.  During the whole course of his life, he suffered, at times,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/124.md)
125. [LXXXII.  In winter, he was protected against the inclemency of the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/125.md)
126. [LXXXIII.  As soon as the civil wars were ended, he gave up riding and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/126.md)
127. [LXXXIV.  From early youth he devoted himself with great diligence and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/127.md)
128. [LXXXV.  He composed many tracts in prose on various subjects, some of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/128.md)
129. [LXXXVI.  He cultivated a style which was neat and chaste, avoiding](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/129.md)
130. [LXXXVII.  In ordinary conversation, he made use of several peculiar](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/130.md)
131. [LXXXVIII.  He did not adhere strictly to orthography as laid down by the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/131.md)
132. [LXXXIX.  He was no less fond of the Greek literature, in which he made](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/132.md)
133. [XCI.  He neither slighted his own dreams nor those of other people](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/133.md)
134. [XCII.  Some signs and omens he regarded as infallible.  If in the morning](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/134.md)
135. [XCIII.  With regard to the religious ceremonies of foreign nations, he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/135.md)
136. [XCIV.  Since we are upon this subject, it may not be improper to give an](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/136.md)
137. [XCV.  After the death of Caesar, upon his return from Apollonia, as he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/137.md)
138. [XCVI.  He certainly had a presentiment of the issue of all his wars.](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/138.md)
139. [XCVII.  His death, of which I shall now speak, and his subsequent](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/139.md)
140. [XCVIII.  His malady proceeded from diarrhoea; notwithstanding which, he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/140.md)
141. [XCIX.  Upon the day of his death, he now and then enquired, if there was](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/141.md)
142. [C.  He expired in the same room in which his father Octavius had died,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/142.md)
143. [CI.  He had made a will a year and four months before his death, upon the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/143.md)
144. [C. Cilnius Mecaenas was of Tuscan extraction, and derived his descent](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/144.md)
145. [II.  It appears from record, that many of the Claudii have performed](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/145.md)
146. [III.  From this family Tiberius Caesar is descended; indeed both by the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/146.md)
147. [IV.  But the father of Tiberius Caesar, being quaestor to Caius Caesar,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/147.md)
148. [V.  Some have imagined that Tiberius was born at Fundi, but there is only](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/148.md)
149. [VI.  His infancy and childhood were spent in the midst of danger and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/149.md)
150. [VII.  After assuming the manly habit, he spent his youth, and the rest of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/150.md)
151. [VIII.  When he first applied himself to civil affairs, he defended the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/151.md)
152. [IX.  He made his first campaign, as a military tribune, in the Cantabrian](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/152.md)
153. [X.  Surrounded by all this prosperity, in the prime of life and in](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/153.md)
154. [XI.  From Ostia, journeying along the coast of Campania, he halted awhile](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/154.md)
155. [XII.  He therefore continued at Rhodes much against his will, obtaining,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/155.md)
156. [XIII.  He laid aside likewise his usual exercises of riding and arms; and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/156.md)
157. [XV.  Upon his return to Rome, having introduced his son Drusus into the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/157.md)
158. [XVI.  The tribunitian authority was again conferred upon him for five](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/158.md)
159. [XVII.  The glory he acquired by these successes received an increase from](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/159.md)
160. [XVIII.  Next year he went again to Germany, where finding that the defeat](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/160.md)
161. [XIX.  He maintained the strictest discipline amongst the troops; reviving](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/161.md)
162. [XX.  After two years, he returned from Germany to the city, and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/162.md)
163. [XXII.  He did not make the death of Augustus public, until he had taken](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/163.md)
164. [XXIII.  Having summoned the senate to meet by virtue of his tribunitian](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/164.md)
165. [XXIV.  Though he made no scruple to assume and exercise immediately the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/165.md)
166. [XXV.  The cause of his long demur was fear of the dangers which](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/166.md)
167. [XXVI.  When he was delivered from his apprehensions, his behaviour at](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/167.md)
168. [XXVII.  He had such an aversion to flattery, that he would never suffer](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/168.md)
169. [XXVIII.  He remained unmoved at all the aspersions, scandalous reports,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/169.md)
170. [XXIX.  These things were so much the more remarkable in him, because, in](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/170.md)
171. [XXX.  He likewise introduced a certain show of liberty, by preserving to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/171.md)
172. [XXXI.  When some decrees were made contrary to his opinion, he did not](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/172.md)
173. [XXXIV.  He reduced the expense of the plays and public spectacles, by](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/173.md)
174. [XXXV.  Married women guilty of adultery, though not prosecuted publicly,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/174.md)
175. [XXXVIII.  He never set foot outside the gates of Rome, for two years](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/175.md)
176. [XXXIX.  But after the loss of his two sons, of whom Germanicus died in](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/176.md)
177. [XL.  After he had gone round Campania, and dedicated the capitol at](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/177.md)
178. [XLI.  Returning to the island, he so far abandoned all care of the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/178.md)
179. [XLII.  But having now the advantage of privacy, and being remote from the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/179.md)
180. [XLV.  How much he was guilty of a most foul intercourse with women even](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/180.md)
181. [XLVI.  He was so niggardly and covetous, that he never allowed to his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/181.md)
182. [XLVII.  During the whole time of his government, he never erected any](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/182.md)
183. [XLVIII.  He displayed only two instances of public munificence.  One was](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/183.md)
184. [XLIX.  In the course of a very short time, he turned his mind to sheer](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/184.md)
185. [L.  He first manifested hatred towards his own relations in the case of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/185.md)
186. [LI.  He afterwards proceeded to an open rupture with her, and, as is](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/186.md)
187. [LII.  He entertained no paternal affection either for his own son Drusus,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/187.md)
188. [LIV.  He had by Germanicus three grandsons, Nero, Drusus, and Caius; and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/188.md)
189. [LV.  Besides his old friends and intimate acquaintance, he required the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/189.md)
190. [LVI.  He treated with no greater leniency the Greeks in his family, even](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/190.md)
191. [LVIII.  About the same time, when the praetor consulted him, whether it](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/191.md)
192. [LXI.  Soon afterwards, he abandoned himself to every species of cruelty,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/192.md)
193. [LXII.  Exasperated by information he received respecting the death of his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/193.md)
194. [LXIII.  Amidst these enormities, in how much fear and apprehension, as](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/194.md)
195. [LXV.  After Sejanus had plotted against him, though he saw that his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/195.md)
196. [LXVI.  To the extreme anxiety of mind which he now experienced, he had](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/196.md)
197. [LXVII.  At last, being quite weary of himself, he acknowledged his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/197.md)
198. [LXVIII.  In person he was large and robust; of a stature somewhat above](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/198.md)
199. [LXIX.  In regard to the gods, and matters of religion, he discovered much](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/199.md)
200. [LXXI.  Though he was ready and conversant with the Greek tongue, yet he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/200.md)
201. [LXXII.  During the whole time of his seclusion at Capri, twice only he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/201.md)
202. [LXXIII.  Meanwhile, finding, upon looking over the acts of the senate,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/202.md)
203. [LXXIV.  Upon his last birth-day, he had brought a full-sized statue of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/203.md)
204. [LXXV.  The people were so much elated at his death, that when they first](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/204.md)
205. [LXXVI.  He had made about two years before, duplicates of his will, one](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/205.md)
206. [I.  Germanicus, the father of Caius Caesar, and son of Drusus and the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/206.md)
207. [II.  It was a prevailing opinion, that he was taken off by the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/207.md)
208. [III.  It is generally agreed, that Germanicus possessed all the noblest](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/208.md)
209. [IV.  He reaped the fruit of his noble qualities in abundance, being so](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/209.md)
210. [V.  At the time of his death, however, and afterwards, they displayed](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/210.md)
211. [VI.  At Rome, upon the first news of his sickness, the city was thrown](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/211.md)
212. [VII.  Germanicus married Agrippina, the daughter of Marcus Agrippa and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/212.md)
213. [IX.  It was to the jokes of the soldiers in the camp that he owed the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/213.md)
214. [X.  He likewise attended his father in his expedition to Syria.  After](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/214.md)
215. [XI.  But he could not even then conceal his natural disposition to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/215.md)
216. [XII.  Not long afterwards, he married Junia Claudilla, the daughter of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/216.md)
217. [XIII.  Having thus secured the imperial power, he fulfilled by his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/217.md)
218. [XIV.  Immediately on his entering the city, by the joint acclamations of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/218.md)
219. [XV.  Caligula himself inflamed this devotion, by practising all the arts](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/219.md)
220. [XVIII.  He exhibited some combats of gladiators, either in the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/220.md)
221. [XIX.  He invented besides a new kind of spectacle, such as had never been](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/221.md)
222. [XX.  He likewise exhibited public diversions in Sicily, Grecian games at](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/222.md)
223. [XXI.  He completed the works which were left unfinished by Tiberius,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/223.md)
224. [XXII.  Thus far we have spoken of him as a prince.  What remains to be](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/224.md)
225. [XXIII.  He was unwilling to be thought or called the grandson of Agrippa,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/225.md)
226. [XXIV.  He lived in the habit of incest with all his sisters; and at](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/226.md)
227. [XXV.  Whether in the marriage of his wives, in repudiating them, or](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/227.md)
228. [XXVI.  It would be of little importance, as well as disgusting, to add to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/228.md)
229. [XXVII.  He evinced the savage barbarity of his temper chiefly by the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/229.md)
230. [XXVIII.  Asking a certain person, whom he recalled after a long exile,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/230.md)
231. [XXIX.  He aggravated his barbarous actions by language equally](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/231.md)
232. [XXX.  He generally prolonged the sufferings of his victims by causing](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/232.md)
233. [XXXI.  He used also to complain aloud of the state of the times, because](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/233.md)
234. [XXXII.  Even in the midst of his diversions, while gaming or feasting,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/234.md)
235. [XXXIV.  In his behaviour towards men of almost all ages, he discovered a](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/235.md)
236. [XXXV.  He took from the noblest persons in the city the ancient marks of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/236.md)
237. [XXXVI.  He never had the least regard either to the chastity of his own](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/237.md)
238. [XXXVII.  In the devices of his profuse expenditure, he surpassed all the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/238.md)
239. [XXXVIII.  Having therefore quite exhausted these funds, and being in want](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/239.md)
240. [XXXIX.  Having also sold in Gaul all the clothes, furniture, slaves, and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/240.md)
241. [XLI.  These taxes being imposed, but the act by which they were levied](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/241.md)
242. [XLIII.  Only once in his life did he take an active part in military](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/242.md)
243. [XLIV.  On arriving at the camp, in order to show himself an active](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/243.md)
244. [XLV.  Soon after this, there being no hostilities, he ordered a few](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/244.md)
245. [XLVI.  At last, as if resolved to make war in earnest, he drew up his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/245.md)
246. [XLVII.  In making preparations for his triumph, besides the prisoners and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/246.md)
247. [XLVIII.  Before he left the province, he formed a design of the most](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/247.md)
248. [XLIX.  In his march he was waited upon by deputies from the senatorian](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/248.md)
249. [L.  He was tall, of a pale complexion, ill-shaped, his neck and legs very](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/249.md)
250. [LI.  To this crazy constitution of his mind may, I think, very justly be](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/250.md)
251. [LII.  In the fashion of his clothes, shoes, and all the rest of his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/251.md)
252. [LIII.  With regard to the liberal sciences, he was little conversant in](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/252.md)
253. [LIV.  He also zealously applied himself to the practice of several other](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/253.md)
254. [LV.  Those for whom he once conceived a regard, he favoured even to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/254.md)
255. [LVI.  In this frantic and savage career, numbers had formed designs for](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/255.md)
256. [LVII.  His approaching fate was indicated by many prodigies.  The statue](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/256.md)
257. [LIX.  He lived twenty-nine years, and reigned three years, ten months,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/257.md)
258. [I.  Livia, having married Augustus when she was pregnant, was within](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/258.md)
259. [II.  Claudius was born at Lyons, in the consulship of Julius Antonius,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/259.md)
260. [III.  He applied himself, however, from an early age, with great](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/260.md)
261. [V.  Upon his requesting some office in the state, Tiberius granted him](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/261.md)
262. [VI.  Notwithstanding this sort of life, much respect was shown him both](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/262.md)
263. [VIII.  Still he was subjected to many slights.  If at any time he came in](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/263.md)
264. [IX.  He was not only exposed to contempt, but sometimes likewise to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/264.md)
265. [X.  Having spent the greater part of his life under these and the like](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/265.md)
266. [XI.  Having thus established himself in power, his first object was to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/266.md)
267. [XII.  But with regard to his own aggrandisement, he was sparing and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/267.md)
268. [XIII.  Conspiracies, however, were formed against him, not only by](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/268.md)
269. [XIV.  Besides his former consulship, he held the office afterwards four](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/269.md)
270. [XV.  But in hearing and determining causes, he exhibited a strange](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/270.md)
271. [XVII.  He undertook only one expedition, and that was of short duration.](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/271.md)
272. [XVIII.  He paid particular attention to the care of the city, and to have](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/272.md)
273. [XIX.  During a scarcity of provisions, occasioned by bad crops for](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/273.md)
274. [XX.  He completed some important public works, which, though not](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/274.md)
275. [XXI.  He often distributed largesses of corn and money among the people,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/275.md)
276. [XXII.  With regard to religious ceremonies, the administration of affairs](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/276.md)
277. [XXIII.  The courts of judicature, whose sittings had been formerly](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/277.md)
278. [XXIV.  He likewise granted the consular ornaments to his Ducenarian](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/278.md)
279. [XXV.  His military organization of the equestrian order was this.  After](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/279.md)
280. [XXVI.  He was twice married at a very early age, first to Aemilia Lepida,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/280.md)
281. [XXVII.  He had children by three of his wives: by Urgulanilla, Drusus and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/281.md)
282. [XXVIII.  Amongst his freedmen, the greatest favourite was the eunuch](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/282.md)
283. [XXIX.  Being entirely governed by these freedmen, and, as I have already](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/283.md)
284. [XXX.  Either standing or sitting, but especially when he lay asleep, he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/284.md)
285. [XXXI.  Though his health was very infirm during the former part of his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/285.md)
286. [XXXII.  He gave entertainments as frequent as they were splendid, and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/286.md)
287. [XXXIII.  He was always ready to eat and drink at any time or in any](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/287.md)
288. [XXXIV.  His cruel and sanguinary disposition was exhibited upon great as](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/288.md)
289. [XXXV.  But the characteristics most predominant in him were fear and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/289.md)
290. [XXXVI.  Having heard some loose reports of conspiracies formed against](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/290.md)
291. [XXXVII.  No suspicion was too trifling, no person on whom it rested too](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/291.md)
292. [XXXVIII.  Sensible of his being subject to passion and resentment, he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/292.md)
293. [XXXIX.  Amongst other things, people admired in him his indifference and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/293.md)
294. [XL.  He frequently appeared so careless in what he said, and so](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/294.md)
295. [XLII.  He applied himself with no less attention to the study of Grecian](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/295.md)
296. [XLIII.  Towards the close of his life, he gave some manifest indications](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/296.md)
297. [XLIV.  Soon afterwards he made his will, and had it signed by all the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/297.md)
298. [XLV.  His death was kept secret until everything was settled relative to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/298.md)
299. [XLVI.  The chief presages of his death were, the appearance of a comet,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/299.md)
300. [I.  Two celebrated families, the Calvini and Aenobarbi, sprung from the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/300.md)
301. [II.  To begin, therefore, at a remote period, his great-grandfather's](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/301.md)
302. [III.  He left a son, who was, without doubt, the best of the family.  By](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/302.md)
303. [IV.  This Cneius had a son, named Domitius, who was afterwards well known](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/303.md)
304. [V.  By the elder Antonia he had Nero's father, a man of execrable](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/304.md)
305. [VI.  Nero was born at Antium, nine months after the death of Tiberius](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/305.md)
306. [VII.  When he was yet a mere boy, before he arrived at the age of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/306.md)
307. [IX.  He began his reign with an ostentation of dutiful regard to the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/307.md)
308. [XII.  These games he beheld from the front of the proscenium.  In the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/308.md)
309. [XIII.  Amongst the spectacles presented by him, the solemn entrance of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/309.md)
310. [XV.  In the administration of justice, he scarcely ever gave his decision](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/310.md)
311. [XVI.  He devised a new style of building in the city, ordering piazzas to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/311.md)
312. [XVII.  To prevent forgery, a method was then first invented, of having](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/312.md)
313. [XVIII.  He never entertained the least ambition or hope of augmenting and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/313.md)
314. [XIX.  Twice only he undertook any foreign expeditions, one to Alexandria,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/314.md)
315. [XX.  Among the other liberal arts which he was taught in his youth, he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/315.md)
316. [XXI.  At Rome also, being extremely proud of his singing, he ordered the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/316.md)
317. [XXII.  He had from his childhood an extravagant passion for horses; and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/317.md)
318. [XXIII.  He afterwards appeared at the celebration of all public games in](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/318.md)
319. [XXV.  On his return from Greece, arriving at Naples, because he had](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/319.md)
320. [XXVI.  Petulancy, lewdness, luxury, avarice, and cruelty, he practised at](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/320.md)
321. [XXVII.  His vices gaining strength by degrees, he laid aside his jocular](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/321.md)
322. [XXVIII.  Besides the abuse of free-born lads, and the debauch of married](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/322.md)
323. [XXX.  He thought there was no other use of riches and money than to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/323.md)
324. [XXXI.  In nothing was he more prodigal than in his buildings.  He](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/324.md)
325. [XXXII.  But being disappointed in his expectations of this resource, and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/325.md)
326. [XXXIII.  He began the practice of parricide and murder with Claudius](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/326.md)
327. [XXXIV.  His mother being used to make strict inquiry into what he said or](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/327.md)
328. [XXXV.  He had, besides Octavia, two other wives: Poppaea Sabina, whose](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/328.md)
329. [XXXVI.  Nor did he proceed with less cruelty against those who were not](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/329.md)
330. [XXXVII.  From this period he butchered, without distinction or quarter,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/330.md)
331. [XXXVIII.  He spared, moreover, neither the people of Rome, nor the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/331.md)
332. [XXXIX.  To these terrible and shameful calamities brought upon the people](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/332.md)
333. [XL.  The world, after tolerating such an emperor for little less than](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/333.md)
334. [XLI.  Being roused at last by numerous proclamations of Vindex, treating](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/334.md)
335. [XLII.  Soon afterwards, he received intelligence that Galba and the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/335.md)
336. [XLIII.  At the first breaking out of these troubles, it is believed that](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/336.md)
337. [XLIV.  In preparing for this expedition, his first care was to provide](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/337.md)
338. [XLV.  The general odium in which he was held received an increase by the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/338.md)
339. [XLVI.  He was also terrified with manifest warnings, both old and new,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/339.md)
340. [XLVII.  Meanwhile, on the arrival of the news, that the rest of the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/340.md)
341. [XLVIII.  But this furious impulse subsiding, he wished for some place of](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/341.md)
342. [XLIX.  All who surrounded him now pressing him to save himself from the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/342.md)
343. [L.  The expenses of his funeral amounted to two hundred thousand](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/343.md)
344. [LI.  In stature he was a little below the common height; his skin was](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/344.md)
345. [LII.  He was instructed, when a boy, in the rudiments of almost all the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/345.md)
346. [LIII.  He had likewise great taste for drawing and painting, as well as](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/346.md)
347. [LIV.  Towards the end of his life, he publicly vowed, that if his power](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/347.md)
348. [LV.  He had an insatiable desire to immortalize his name, and acquire a](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/348.md)
349. [LVI.  He held all religious rites in contempt, except those of the Syrian](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/349.md)
350. [I.  The race of the Caesars became extinct in Nero; an event](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/350.md)
351. [III.  To give even a short account of the whole family, would be tedious.](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/351.md)
352. [IV.  The emperor Sergius Galba was born in the consulship of M. Valerius](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/352.md)
353. [V.  Amongst other liberal studies, he applied himself to the law.  He](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/353.md)
354. [VI.  Filling the great offices before the age required for it by law,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/354.md)
355. [VII.  Upon the news of Caius's death, though many earnestly pressed him](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/355.md)
356. [VIII.  For his achievements, both at this time in Africa, and formerly in](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/356.md)
357. [IX.  He governed the province during eight years, his administration](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/357.md)
358. [X.  Taking his seat on the tribunal, therefore, as if there was no other](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/358.md)
359. [XI.  These dangers were followed by the death of Vindex, at which being](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/359.md)
360. [XII.  Rumours of his cruelty and avarice had reached the city before his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/360.md)
361. [XIII.  His arrival, therefore, in town was not very agreeable to the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/361.md)
362. [XIV.  He possessed himself of the imperial power with more favour and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/362.md)
363. [XV.  It was thought that he likewise intended to reduce the offices held](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/363.md)
364. [XVI.  By this conduct, he incurred the hatred of all orders of the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/364.md)
365. [XVII.  Upon receiving intelligence of this, imagining that he was](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/365.md)
366. [XIX.  The day before he was slain, as he was sacrificing in the morning,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/366.md)
367. [XX.  Some authors relate, that upon their first approach he cried out,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/367.md)
368. [XXI.  In person he was of a good size, bald before, with blue eyes, and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/368.md)
369. [XXII.  He is reported to have been a great eater, and usually took his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/369.md)
370. [XXIII.  He perished in the seventy-third year of his age, and the seventh](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/370.md)
371. [I.  The ancestors of Otho were originally of the town of Ferentum, of an](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/371.md)
372. [II.  The emperor Otho was born upon the fourth of the calends of May](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/372.md)
373. [III.  Having, by means of this woman, insinuated himself into all the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/373.md)
374. [IV.  As soon as an opportunity of revenge offered, he readily joined in](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/374.md)
375. [V.  He entertained hopes of being adopted by Galba, and expected it every](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/375.md)
376. [VI.  His first intention was, immediately after the departure of Piso, to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/376.md)
377. [VII.  Towards the close of the day, he entered the senate, and after he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/377.md)
378. [VIII.  About the same time, the armies in Germany took an oath to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/378.md)
379. [IX.  Though it was the general opinion that it would be proper to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/379.md)
380. [XI.  And now being prepared, and just upon the point of dispatching](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/380.md)
381. [XII.  The person and appearance of Otho no way corresponded to the great](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/381.md)
382. [I.  Very different accounts are given of the origin of the Vitellian](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/382.md)
383. [II.  It is certain, however, that Publius Vitellius, of Nuceria, whether](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/383.md)
384. [III.  He died of palsy, the day after his seizure with it, leaving behind](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/384.md)
385. [IV.  In the subsequent part of his life, being still most scandalously](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/385.md)
386. [V.  By the favour of these three princes, he was not only advanced to the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/386.md)
387. [VI.  He took to wife Petronia, the daughter of a man of consular rank,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/387.md)
388. [VIII.  After he had reached the camp, he denied no man any thing he asked](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/388.md)
389. [IX.  Intelligence of Galba's death arriving soon after, when he had](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/389.md)
390. [XI.  At last he entered the City with trumpets sounding, in his general's](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/390.md)
391. [XIII.  He was chiefly addicted to the vices of luxury and cruelty.  He](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/391.md)
392. [XIV.  He delighted in the infliction of punishments, and even those which](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/392.md)
393. [XV.  In the eighth month of his reign, the troops both in Moesia and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/393.md)
394. [XVI.  He advised the senate to send deputies, accompanied by the Vestal](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/394.md)
395. [XVII.  By this time the forerunners of the enemy's army had broken into](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/395.md)
396. [I.  The empire, which had been long thrown into a disturbed and unsetted](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/396.md)
397. [II.  Vespasian was born in the country of the Sabines, beyond Reate, in a](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/397.md)
398. [III.  Meanwhile, he married Flavia Domitilla, who had formerly been the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/398.md)
399. [V.  After the deaths of Nero and Galba, whilst Otho and Vitellius were](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/399.md)
400. [VII.  Having, therefore, entered on a civil war, and sent forward his](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/400.md)
401. [VIII.  Returning now to Rome, under these auspices, and with a great](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/401.md)
402. [IX.  He likewise erected several new public buildings, namely, the temple](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/402.md)
403. [X.  The business of the courts had prodigiously accumulated, partly from](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/403.md)
404. [XI.  Lust and luxury, from the licence which had long prevailed, had also](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/404.md)
405. [XII.  In other affairs, from the beginning to the end of his government,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/405.md)
406. [XIII.  He bore with great mildness the freedom used by his friends, the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/406.md)
407. [XIV.  He was little disposed to keep up the memory of affronts or](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/407.md)
408. [XV.  It will scarcely be found, that so much as one innocent person](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/408.md)
409. [XVI.  The only thing deservedly blameable in his character was his love](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/409.md)
410. [XVII.  His liberality, however, to all ranks of people, was excessive.](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/410.md)
411. [XVIII.  He was a great encourager of learning and the liberal arts.  He](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/411.md)
412. [XX.  He was broad-set, strong-limbed, and his features gave the idea of a](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/412.md)
413. [XXI.  His method of life was commonly this.  After he became emperor, he](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/413.md)
414. [XXII.  At supper, and, indeed, at other times, he was extremely free and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/414.md)
415. [XXIII.  He used Greek verses very wittily; speaking of a tall man, who](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/415.md)
416. [XXIV.  In his ninth consulship, being seized, while in Campania, with a](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/416.md)
417. [XXV.  All are agreed that he had such confidence in the calculations on](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/417.md)
418. [C. VALERIUS FLACCUS wrote a poem in eight books, on the Expedition of the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/418.md)
419. [I.  Titus, who had the same cognomen with his father, was the darling and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/419.md)
420. [II.  He was educated in the palace with Britannicus, and instructed in](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/420.md)
421. [IV.  He filled with distinction the rank of a military tribune both in](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/421.md)
422. [V.  Soon afterwards, when Galba came to be emperor, he was sent to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/422.md)
423. [VI.  From that time he constantly acted as colleague with his father,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/423.md)
424. [IX.  Having declared that he accepted the office of Pontifex Maximus for](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/424.md)
425. [X.  Amidst all these favourable circumstances, he was cut off by an](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/425.md)
426. [III.  In the beginning of his reign, he used to spend daily an hour by](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/426.md)
427. [IV.  He frequently entertained the people with most magnificent and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/427.md)
428. [V.  He rebuilt many noble edifices which had been destroyed by fire, and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/428.md)
429. [VI.  He undertook several expeditions, some from choice, and some from](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/429.md)
430. [VII.  He made many innovations in common practices.  He abolished the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/430.md)
431. [VIII.  In the administration of justice he was diligent and assiduous;](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/431.md)
432. [IX.  Upon his first succeeding to power, he felt such an abhorrence for](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/432.md)
433. [X.  But he did not long persevere in this course of clemency and justice,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/433.md)
434. [XI.  His cruelties were not only excessive, but subtle and unexpected.](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/434.md)
435. [XII.  Having exhausted the exchequer by the expense of his buildings and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/435.md)
436. [XIII.  After he became emperor, he had the assurance to boast in the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/436.md)
437. [XIV.  Becoming by these means universally feared and odious, he was at](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/437.md)
438. [XVII.  Concerning the contrivance and mode of his death, the common](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/438.md)
439. [XVIII.  He was tall in stature, his face modest, and very ruddy; he had](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/439.md)
440. [XIX.  He so shrunk from undergoing fatigue, that he scarcely ever walked](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/440.md)
441. [XX.  In the beginning of his reign, he gave up the study of the liberal](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/441.md)
442. [XXII.  He was insatiable in his lusts, calling frequent commerce with](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/442.md)
443. [XXIII.  The people shewed little concern at his death, but the soldiers](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/443.md)
444. [III.  Lucius Aelius had a double cognomen, for he was called Praeconius,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/444.md)
445. [IV.  The appellation of grammarian was borrowed from the Greeks; but at](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/445.md)
446. [IX.  ORBILIUS PUPILLUS, of Beneventum, being left an orphan, by the death](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/446.md)
447. [X.  ATTEIUS, THE PHILOLOGIST, a freedman, was born at Athens.  Of him,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/447.md)
448. [XI.  VALERIUS CATO was, as some have informed us, the freedman of one](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/448.md)
449. [XII.  CORNELIUS EPICADIUS, a freedman of Lucius Cornelius Sylla, the](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/449.md)
450. [XIII.  LABERIUS HIERA was bought by his master out of a slave-dealer's](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/450.md)
451. [XIV.  CURTIUS NICIA was the intimate friend of Cneius Pompeius and Caius](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/451.md)
452. [XV.  LENAEUS was a freedman of Pompey the Great, and attended him in most](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/452.md)
453. [XVI.  QUINTUS CAECILIUS, an Epirot by descent, but born at Tusculum, was](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/453.md)
454. [XVIII.  LUCIUS CRASSITIUS, a native of Tarentum, and in rank a freedman,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/454.md)
455. [XIX.  SCRIBONIUS APHRODISIUS, the slave and disciple of Orbilius, who was](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/455.md)
456. [XXII.  MARCUS POMPONIUS MARCELLUS, a very severe critic of the Latin](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/456.md)
457. [I.  Rhetoric, also, as well as Grammar, was not introduced amongst us](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/457.md)
458. [II.  LUCIUS PLOTIUS GALLUS.  Of him Marcus Tullius Cicero thus writes to](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/458.md)
459. [III.  LUCIUS OCTACILIUS PILITUS is said to have been a slave, and,](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/459.md)
460. [V. SEXTUS CLODIUS, a native of Sicily, a professor both of Greek and](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/460.md)
461. [M. AGRIPPA. L. F. COS: TERTIUM. FECIT.](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/461.md)
462. [C. Caius; D. Decimus: sometimes with two letters; as Ap. for Appius; Cn.](https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars/c/462.md)

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*The Lives of the Twelve Caesars* by Suetonius. Public domain.
Source: https://yarrow.to/novel/the-lives-of-the-twelve-caesars